Chara contraria A.Braun ex Kützing 1845

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Viridiplantae
Infrakingdom Streptophyta infrakingdom
Phylum Charophyta
Class Charophyceae
Order Charales
Family Characeae
Tribe Chareae
Genus Chara

Pictures

click on thumbnail for larger version.

Tylacanthous cortex, Pitsford Water, Nothamptonshire, UK. 01 Jun 2011. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter'at'6cvw.freeuk.com.

Antheridium in transmitted light showing manubria within. Pitsford Water, Northampton, UK, in shallow water.. 08 Oct 2014. © C.F. Carter(chris.carter'at'6cvw.freeuk.com.

Red-cyan anaglyph; needs special glasses to see in 3D. Houghton Regis Chalk Pit (Marl Lakes) SSSI, Bedfordshire, UK.. 11 May 2013. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Houghton Regis Chalk Pit (Marl Lakes) SSSI, Bedfordshire, UK.. 11 May 2013. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Pitsford Water SSSI, Northampton, UK.. 01 Jun 2011. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Antheridial shield cells deploying. Pitsford Water SSSI, Northampton, UK.. 01 Jun 2011. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Red-cyan anaglyph showing tylacanthous cortex.Pitsford Water SSSI, Northampton, UK.. 01 Jun 2011. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Red-cyan anaglyph showing cortex in 3D. Pitsford Water SSSI, Northampton, UK.. 01 Jun 2011. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Chara contraria A.Braun ex Kützing Red-cyan anaglyph showing tylacanthous cortex.Pitsford Water SSSI, Northampton, UK.
© C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com)

Publication details
Chara contraria A.Braun ex Kützing 1845: 258

Published in: Kützing, F.T. (1845). Phycologia germanica, d. i. Deutschlands Algen in bündigen Beschreibungen. Nebst einer Anleitung zum Untersuchen und Bestimmen dieser Gewächse für Anfänger. pp. [i]-x, [1]-340 ['240']. Nordhausen: zu finden bei Wilh. Köhne.
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Type species
The type species (lectotype) of the genus Chara is Chara vulgaris Linnaeus.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Type information
Type locality: "Bei Carlsruhe" [Germany] (Kützing 1845: 258). Lectotype: A.Braun; 1839; L 00546 (Wood & Imahori 1965: 93). Notes: Lectotype April 9. 1958. R.D.Wood

Infrageneric classification
Subgenus Chara Section Chara

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Chara vulgaris f. contraria (A.Braun ex Kützing) R.D.Wood 1962
Chara vulgaris var. contraria (A.Braun ex Kützing) J.A.Moore 1986

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Chara contraria f. subinermis A.Braun
Chara fetidissima Rafinesque 1808
Chara foetida var. moniliformis A.Braun 1834
Chara contraria var. hispidula A.Braun 1847
Chara contraria var. australis A.Braun 1852
Chara contraria f. hispidula (A.Braun) A.Braun 1882
Chara contraria f. robustior W.Migula 1892
Chara contraria f. macroptila W.Migula 1893
Chara muscosa J.Groves & Bullock-Webster 1924
Chara contraria f. macroteles W.Migula 1925
Chara gobiana Vilhelm 1928
Chara contraria f. crispata N.Filarszky 1931
Chara contraria f. clausa N.Filarszky 1931
Chara contraria f. stagnalis N.Filarszky 1931
Chara contraria var. saboiana A.G.Cunha 1935
Chara vulgaris f. hispidula (A.Braun) R.D.Wood 1962
Chara hispidula (A.Braun) R.D.Wood 1985
Chara vulgaris var. hispidula (A.Braun) J.A.Moore 1986

General environment
This is a freshwater species.

Common names

(as Chara contraria A.Braun ex Kützing)
English: Opposite Stonewort (Stewart & Church 1992).

Norwegian: Gråkrans (Langangen 2021).

(as Chara muscosa J.Groves & Bullock-Webster)
English: Mossy Stonewort (Stewart & Church 1992).

Habitat
Normaly freshwater, but occationally in slightly brackish water.

Key characteristics
Monoecious. Small to high (1m). Normally ncrusted. Cortex regular ly 2-corticate, tylacanthous.

Similar species
Chara vulgaris

Detailed distribution with sources (Click to Load)

Detailed conservation status with sources
(as Chara contraria A.Braun ex Kützing)
Near Threatened: (Langangen 2021)

(as Chara muscosa J.Groves & Bullock-Webster)
Data Deficient: (Stewart & Church 1992), (Extinct: (Stewart & Church 1992)

Key references
Ahmadi, A., Sheidai, A.M., H. Riahi, H. & Van Raam, J.C. (2012). Some Charophytes (Characeae, Charophyta) from central and western of Iran including Chara kohrangiana species nova. Cryptogamie Algologie 33(4): 359-390. [in English]

Arbeitsgruppe Armleuchteralgen Deutschland (Becker, R., Blindow, I., Doege, A., Franke, T., Gregor, T., Hamann, U., Jäger, D., Jorda, C., Kabus, T., Korsch, H., Korte, E., Kusber, W.-H., Pätzold, Raabe, U., Schubert, H., Teppke, M., van der Weyer K., Wolff, P.) (2015 '2016'). Beschreibung der Characeen-Arten Deutschlands. In: Armleuchteralgen. Die Characeen Deutschlands. (Arbeitsgruppe Characeen Deutschlands Lehrstuhl für Ökologie der Universität Rostock Eds), pp. 209-572. Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Auderset, J.D. & Rey-Boissezon, A. (2013). Les Characées de Genève et environs. Distribution et Ecologie. Rapport projet de recherche DGNP-UNIGE Groupe d’Ecologie aqua-tique, Institut Forel et Institut des Sciences l’Environnement, Université de Genève. pp. [i-vii], 1-95, numerous photographs, figures and maps. Genève: Direction Générale de la Nature et du Paysage Rue des Battoirs 7 1205 Genève.

Bazzichelli, G. & Abdelahad, N. (2009). Alghe d'acqua dolce d'Italia. Flora analitica delle Caroficee. pp. [i-viii], [1]-73, [Index]. Roma: Sapienza, Università di Roma.

Borisova, O.V. (2015 '2014'). Charales. In: Algae of Ukraine: diversity, nomenclature, taxonomy, ecology and geography. Volume 4: Charophyta. (Tsarenko, P.M., Wasser, S.P. & Nevo, E. Eds), pp. 454-465. Ruggell: Koeltz Scientific Books.

Braun, A. (1849). Uebersicht der Schweizerischen Characeen. Ein Beitrag zur Flora der Schweiz. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften. 10(3): 1-23.

Bryant, J.A. & Stewart, N.F. (2011). Phylum Chlorophyta. Order Charales. In: The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Second edition. (John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J. Eds), pp. 742-765. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Caisová, L. & Gabka, M. (2009). Charophytes (Characeae, Charophyta) in the Czech Republic: taxonomy, autecology and distribution. Fottea 9(1): 1-43.

Cirujano, S, Cambra, J., Sánchez Castillo, P.M., Meco, A. & Flor Arnau, N. (2008). Flora ibérica algas continentales. Carófitos (Characeae). pp. [1]-132, 125 figs. Madrid: Real Jardín Botánico.

Hu, H. & Wei, Y. (2006). The freshwater algae of China. Systematics, taxonomy and ecology. pp. [4 pls of 16 figs], [i-iv], i-xv, 1-1023. China: www.sciencep.com.

Hy, F. (1913). Les Characées de France. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 60 (Mémoires 26): 1-47, pls. I-III.

Langangen, A. (2007). Charophytes of the Nordic countries. pp. [1]-102, many figs and maps. Oslo: Saeculum ANS.

Muller, S, D., Rhazi, L. & Soulie-Märsche, I. (2017). Diversity and distribution of Characeae in the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia). Crytogamie Algologie 38(3): 201-251.

Romanov, R.E. (2015). Chara inconnexa Allen (Streptophyta: Charales) and taxonomic ambiguities associated with subgymnophyllous species close to C. contraria A. Braun ex Kütz. s. str.. Cryptogamie Algologie 36(4): 371-388.

Saber, A.A, Gontcharov, A.A., Nikulin, A.Y., Nikulin, V.Y., Rayan, W.A. & Cantonati, M. (2021). Integrative taxonomic, ecological and genotyping study of charophyte populations from the Egyptian Western-Desert oases and Sinai Peninsula. Plants 10(1157): 1-32, 13 figs, 2 tables.

Schneider, S.C., Rodrigues, A., Moe, T.F. & Ballot, A. (2015). DNA barcoding the genus Chara: molecular evidence recovers fewer taxa than the classical morphological approach. Journal of Phycology 51(2): 367-380.

Urbaniak, J. & Gabka, M. (2014). Polish Charophytes. An illustrated guide to identification. pp. [1]-120, incl. 34 pls. Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wroclawiu.

Vouilloud, A.A., Caceres, E.J. & Leonardi, P.I. (2007). Amitosis, including nucleolar behaviour during fragmentation, in both axial and corticating cells of Chara contraria (Charales, Charophyta). Phycologia 46: 178-186.

Watterlot, A. & Prey, T. (2016). Inventaire des Characées sur le territoire picard (Aisne, Oise et Somme): Évaluation patrimoniale. Version No. 2, décembre 2016. pp. [1]-30, Annexe, 31-56 [Maps]. Bailleul: Centre régional de phytosociologie. Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul.

Created: 11 April 2002 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 29 June 2021 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 3963 times since it was created.

Verification of data
Users are responsible for verifying the accuracy of information before use, as noted on the website Content page.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Grant, M.C. & Proctor, V.W. (1971). Chara vulgaris and C. contraria: Patterns of reproductive isolation for two cosmopolitan species complexes. Evolution. 26(2): 267-281.
Jin, Q. & Hasenstein, K.H. (2009). Cytoskeletal control of sperm release in Chara contraria. Botanica Marina 52(2): 162-169, 19 figs.
Romanov, R.E. (2015). Chara inconnexa Allen (Streptophyta: Charales) and taxonomic ambiguities associated with subgymnophyllous species close to C. contraria A. Braun ex Kütz. s. str.. Cryptogamie Algologie 36(4): 371-388.
Vouilloud, A.A., Caceres, E.J. & Leonardi, P.I. (2007). Amitosis, including nucleolar behaviour during fragmentation, in both axial and corticating cells of Chara contraria (Charales, Charophyta). Phycologia 46: 178-186.
Vouilloud, A.A., Leonardi, P.I. & Caceres, E.J. (2012). Ultrastructure of male gametogenesis in Chara contraria var. nitelloides (Charales, Charophyceae) revisited: a model for a better characterization of the process in Charales. Phycologia 51(3): 239-246.

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Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2022. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 09 August 2022.